complete list of all the values and virtues

For example, one study showed that when people were primed with security values, their curiosity decreased. In one series of studies, researchers showed how subtly shifting our values shifts our behavior. So we strive not to act in ways that go against our values. Perhaps this is because we humans really don't like inconsistency. Values and actions are tightly linked-whatever we value and believe influences how we act. But we all have both of these types of values that guide our lives to some extent. That is, some of us may prefer one type of value over the other (Allen, Ng, & Wilson, 2002). It seems that each of us varies somewhat in the extent to which we have instrumental and terminal values. Terminal values are about desirable end states (e.g., health, freedom, family security Gibson, Greenwood, & Murphy Jr, 2009). Instrumental values are about desirable ways to act or behave (e.g., honest, responsible, loving).

There are thought to be two different types of core values: instrumental values and terminal values. We shift our belief (that one political party is better than the other), but we don't shift our values. We might believe one politician lives that value at one time and another politician lives that value at another time. For example, let's say we value kindness. We may change our beliefs about a particular topic (like a political party), but it's unlikely that the values driving that shift changed. But, researchers suggest that values are more enduring and long-lasting than either beliefs or attitudes (Limthanakom, Lauffer, Mujtaba, & Murphy Jr, 2008). Values are similar to attitudes and beliefs in that they have these cognitive, emotional, and behavioral parts. And, values have a behavioral component in that values often (but not always) drive our behavior (Limthanakom, Lauffer, Mujtaba, & Murphy Jr, 2008).

Values also have an emotional component because we feel positively or negatively about them (they resonate with us or they don't). Values have a cognitive component in that they involve thoughts about preferable ways to be, live, or act. A core value can be defined as 'an enduring belief upon which a person acts'.

Complete list of all the values and virtues